Nebulizers have been widely used for bronchodilation in patients with obstructive airway disease. There are also many studies with some nebulised drugs other than bronchodilator agents such as antimicrobic or antineoplastic agents, mucolytics, local anesthetics, morphine, insulin, surfactant, antiproteases, vaccines and nicotine in recent years. In this review, it is aimed to discuss the principal therapeutic use of nebulizers for medications other than bronchodilation now and in the future.