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Objectives: In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of patients with respiratory tuberculosis, in whom a specific process is combined with various diseases, among which chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD plays a leading role. This disease occurs in all forms of pulmonary tuberculosis, however, COPD most often develops in patients with chronic destructive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis CDPT76.9%. The present study reports the features of the pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with COPD.
Methods: The present study reports the 81 patients who were examined in therapeutic departments of Tuberculosis Hospital N 4 in Baku, Department of lung diseases, Azerbaijan Medical University.
Results: COPD developed most frequently as a result of fibro-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis 48.1%, cirrhotic pulmonary tuberculosis contributed to the development of COPD in 30.9% of cases, and in 17 21.0% cases of COPD developed as a result of chronic disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis. The main risk factor for the development of COPD in all forms of tuberculosis was smoking. In 85.1% of cases, COPD developed during smoking experience of more than 10 years, in the remaining 14.9% of cases of COPD in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis developed with smoking for up to 5 years. COPD is often associated with common forms of chronic destructive pulmonary tuberculosis. In 72.8% of COPD developed against the background of specific process when the specific process prevalence more 2ˣ-lung lobes. The peculiarity of the clinical picture of COPD was that for a long time the disease was without marked clinical manifestations. Therefore, the differential diagnosis of COPD in pulmonary tuberculosis causes considerable difficulties. Concomitant COPD often proceeds unnoticed, as it has a clinical picture similar to chronic forms of tuberculosis. Therefore, for the timely detection of COPD in patients with chronic long-term forms of respiratory tuberculosis, it is necessary to periodically carry out spirographic studies to determine the FEV1 and the ratio of FEV1/FVC. In patients with pulmonary tuberculosis obstructive syndrome is defined as a decrease in FEV 1 <80% of normal values when combined with a reduction in FEV 1/FVC <70%
Conclusion: Thus, long-term, widespread chronic destructive respiratory tuberculosis with frequent exacerbations of a specific process is a significant risk factor for developing COPD, which is clinically difficult to distinguish from a background disease. In patients with chronic forms of tuberculosis of the respiratory system, periodic measurement of FEV1 can promptly establish the accession of COPD to the main specific pulmonary process.