Bronchiectasis: A Sign of Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease after Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation

A 19-year-old man who has undergone bone marrow transplanta­tion (BMT) for acute myelogenous leukemia is reported. He has developed respiratory complaints of productive cough and pro­gressive dyspnea at post-transplant day 278 and was hospitalized. Chest-x-ray and high resolution computed tomogaphy (HRCT) revealed cylindrical bronchiectasis. Pathologic examination of trans- bronchial biopsy was consistent with chronic graft-versus-host dis­ease (CGVHD). The patient had no history of respiratory disease or any other condition that could cause bronchiectasis other than CGVHD. Bronchiectasis can be considered as an early predictor of CGVHD and its early diagnosis by HRCT in suspicion of GVHD after BMT may lead to early re-evaluation of treatment.