Primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the lung is very rare and only a few cases have been reported in the literature. A 69 year-old man presented with hemoptysis and dyspnea of three months duration. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) scans revealed a lobulated mass invading the mediastinum. Histopathologic examination of bronchoscopic biopsy revealed a stroiform-pleomorphic pattern of MFH. As no abnormal lesions were detected in the abdomen and extremities, the tumor was diagnosed as a primary MFH of the lung.