High-Flow Nasal Oxygen Therapy in Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: Concise Review on Technology and Initial Methodology

1. Pulmonology Department, Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Lisbon, Portugal

2. Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Dentistry Faculty, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey

3. Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef, Egypt

4. Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

5. Pulmonology Department, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Portugal

6. Department of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia

7. Department of Anesthesiology, Director of Respiratory Therapy, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon

8. Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, A Coruña, Galicia, Spain

9. Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

10. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T Popa”, Iasi, Romania

11. Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India

12. Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

13. Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

14. Department of Sleep Disorders Center, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy

15. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA

16. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, USA

17. Primario Medicina Intensiva, Ospedale Regionale Bellinzona e Valli, Bellinzona, Switzerland

18. Respiratory Diseases Unit, General Hospital Sestri Levante, Sestri Levante, Italy

19. Department Morphology, Surgery And Experimental Medicine, Intensive Care Unit, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

20. Pulmonology Unit, Santa Maria Bianca Hospital, Mirandola, Italy

21. Respiratory Diseases Unit, Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Policlinico Umberto I Sapienza University of Rome, Italy

22. Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain

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Accepted Date: 28.10.2021

Online Date: 01.11.2021

Publish Date: 28.10.2021

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Abstract

High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNCOT) system consists of an air/oxygen supply system capable of delivering up to 100% humidified and heated oxygen at a flow rate of up to 80 L/min. The system includes a blender, active humidifier, single heated tube, and nasal cannula. HFNCOT has many physiological advantages compared with other standard oxygen therapies, such as anatomical dead space washout, more constant fraction of inspired oxygen, positive end-expiratory (PEEP) effect, supplement of adequate humidification and maintenance of muco-ciliary function. HFNCOT is mostly used for hypoxemic acute respiratory failure, although it also has other indications. HFNCOT is a common choice of physicians as its technology makes it more silent and comfortable. Though HFNCOT is used in many clinical settings, there is a lack of publications addressing devices and initial settings. We present a review on HFNCOT, with focus on device and application methodology.

Cite this article as:

Guia M, Alpay N, Gerardo A, et al. High-flow nasal oxygen therapy in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: Concise review on technology and initial methodology. Turk Thorac J. 2021; 22(6): 494-500.

Keywords:

Respiratory failure, nasal cannula, high-flow oxygen, methodology